The Metabolic Syndrome Program by Karlene Karst

Author:Karlene Karst [Karst, Karlene]
Language: eng
Format: epub
ISBN: 9781443429986
Publisher: HarperCollins Canada
Published: 2014-10-15T00:00:00+00:00

TYPE 2 DIABETES-INFLAMMATION CONNECTION

Insulin resistance is the predominant mechanism associated with type 2 diabetes and is also central to the development of metabolic syndrome. In the last several years there has been a growing body of evidence that chronic low-grade inflammation is a potential cause of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes. This information ties in with new data that heart disease, the main complication of insulin resistance and diabetes, has a major inflammatory component as well.

Abnormal levels of inflammatory markers such as CRP and prothrombotic markers like plasminogen activator inhibitor-1 (PAI-1) have been reported in insulin-resistant subjects and may contribute to the increased cardiovascular events in this population in combination with abnormal cholesterol and high blood pressure. Inflammation may also be important in diabetes. Elevated CRP levels are associated with a higher-than-average risk of developing Type 2 diabetes.

In diabetes, excess body fat—a major risk factor for the disease—may be part of the inflammatory picture. Fat cells produce cytokines, the proteins that promote inflammation. Studies have shown that people who develop type 2 diabetes have relatively high levels of these cytokines. Researchers think the cytokines may interfere with the body’s ability to use its own insulin, thus bringing on diabetes.

Data from the Third National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey of 1988-1993 (NHANES III) further support the hypothesis that insulin resistance and inflammation are related. This study was carried out in nearly 10,000 U.S. adults twenty years or older. The results show a strong relation between serum ferritin levels—a marker of inflammation—and impaired fasting glucose and newly diagnosed diabetes, conditions characterized by insulin resistance.

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